电弧焊过程的环境负荷评价

Environmental load assessment of arc welding process

关键词:  生命周期评价  电弧焊  CO₂气体保护焊  环境负荷  泛环境函数

Key words:  life cycle assessment  arc welding  CO₂ gas shielded arc welding  environmental load  panenvironment function

摘要:

将LCA环境评估方法引入电弧焊加工过程,提出对焊接过程环境负荷评价的工艺参数为单位体积或质量的焊缝金属(焊接产品)所涉及的能源、资源和废弃物的物资量,为定量化研究焊接环境负荷提供了一种新的方法。通过对CO₂气体保护焊环境负荷的评定,表明废弃物因子项是焊接对环境影响的关键项,该因子应为主要控制和改进因素。获得的CO₂气体保护焊的能源因子项与电炉炼钢工艺过程相关项有较好的相对可比性,这也表明该评估模型是合理的,并使得材料实现全寿命周期的定量评估成为可能。

Abstract:

By introducing LCA(life cycle assessment) environmental assessment method to arc welding process,it is presented that the involved material quantity of power,resource and waste per unit volume or mass of welding deposited metal(welding product) can be defined as a technical parameter for environmental load assessment of welding process,which provides a new method to quantitatively investigate environmental load of welding.The results from the environmental load assessment of CO₂ gas shielded arc welding indicate that waste is the key factor which should be controlled and improved to affect the product making environment.The assessment model has been proved reasonable from the fact that power factorial item of CO₂ gas shielded arc welding shows good comparability with correlative item of steel-making process in electric oven,which makes it possible to quantitatively assess the whole life cycle of materials.