数值模拟技术在激光焊接过程中的应用及发展

Application and development of numerical simulation technology in laser welding process

关键词:  数值模拟|激光焊接|焊缝成形|组织演变|残余应力

Key words:  numerical simulation|laser welding|weld formation|microstructural evolution|residual stress

摘要:

激光焊接以其高效率、高精度成为材料高质量连接的先进方法. 激光焊接过程涉及材料对激光能量的吸收与反射、熔化与蒸发、熔池的流动、匙孔的波动等多个物理场问题，建立反映激光焊接热过程特点的数值模型，进而定量描述并澄清影响材料激光焊接质量的关键因素及演变过程，为材料高品质激光焊接制造提供理论支撑和科学思路. 文中从影响激光焊缝成形质量及服役性能的焊接缺陷、组织演变、残余应力几个方面入手，阐述数值模拟技术在激光焊接基础问题方面的应用及发展.

Abstract:

Laser welding has become an advanced method in joining materials with high quality due to its high efficiency and high precision. Multi-physical field issues are involved during laser welding process, such as absorption and reflection of laser energy, melting and evaporation of materials, flow of molten pool, fluctuation of keyhole and etc. Establishment of numerical model to reflect the feature of thermal process, and further quantitative description to elucidate key factors and evolution process affecting the laser welding quality, can provide theoretical support and scientific path for high quality laser welding and manufacturing. From the aspect of welding defects, microstructural evolution and residual stress that influences formation quality and service property of laser welds, this paper elaborates the application and development of numerical simulation technology in fundamental problem research of laser welding.